Teaching English to Absolute and False Beginners

Most ESL / EFL teachers agree that there are two types of beginning students: Absolute Beginners and False Beginners. If you are teaching in the USA, Canada, Australia, a European country or Japan, chances are that most beginners you teach will be false beginners. Teaching false beginners and absolute beginners require different approaches. Here is what to expect from false and absolute beginners: False Beginners Beginners that have already studied some English at some point in their life. Most of these learners have studied English at school, many for a number of years. These learners have usually had some contact with English since their schools years, but feel that they have little command of the language and therefore want to begin from the top. Teachers can usually assume that these students will understand basic conversations and questions such as: Are you married?, Where are you from?, Do you speak English?, and so on. Often these learners will be familiar with grammar concepts and teachers can launch into descriptions of sentence structure and have students follow along reasonably well. Absolute Beginners These are learners who have had no contact with English at all. They often come from developing nations and often have had very little education. These students are often more challenging to teach as the teacher cannot expect learners to understand even a minimal amount of English. The question,How are you?, will not be understood and the teacher must begin at the very beginning, usually with no common language with which to explain the basics. When teaching Absolute Beginners there are a number of things to keep in mind: Absolute Beginners have had no contact with EnglishWhen teaching someone who has had no prior (or very little) contact with the language, you need to carefully choose what you present. Here is an example of the type of thinking that needs to go into  planning a lesson:If I begin the first lesson with, Hi, my name is Ken. What is your name?, I am presenting three  (!)  concepts at once:The verb bePossessive pronouns  my and yourSubject and verb inversion in the question formIt would be much better (and more comprehensible) to the students if I began the lesson with, Hi, I am Ken. and then gesture to the student to repeat a similar phrase. In this way, the student can repeat by rote and begin with something easy which can then lead to something like: Hi, I am Ken. Are you Ken? - No, I am Elmo. By limiting the linguistic concepts absolute beginners can more easily assimilate the pieces.Do not assume familiarity with linguistic conceptsThis is rather  obvious  but often ignor ed by many teachers. If you write a grammar chart — even a simple one — on the board, you are assuming that students are familiar with grammar charts. Students may not have had the type of education that involves charts and representations. By keeping things aural and visual (gestures, pictures, etc.) you will be appealing to learning styles that students are sure to have acquired in everyday life.Use exaggerated visual gesturesUsing gestures such as pointing to yourself and saying, I am Ken, and then pointing to the student to repeat helps students understand what you want of them, without confusing them by more language such as; Now, repeat. Develop specific gestures as codes for certain linguistic operations. For example, to illustrate the idea of inversion in the question form you can extend your two arms and say, My name is Ken and then cross your arms and ask, Is your name  Ken?, this gesture can then be repeated as linguistic skills become more advanced and th e students will understand that a question needs to be asked. For example, I live in New York and then cross your arms and ask, Where do you live. When a student makes a mistake asking a question, you can then cross your arms and the student will understand that  he / she  needs to invert in order to ask a question.Try to pick up a few phrases of the learners native tongueThis is purely a psychological trick. Learners - especially adult learners - who are learning English with no prior experience are not only undergoing a difficult learning experience. In many cases, they are also learning how to learn a language. If you put yourself on the line by expressing the desire to learn a few phrases of your students native language, you can go a long way towards building a rapport with students which will help them feel more at ease in class. When teaching False Beginners you can be a bit more adventurous in your approach to teaching. Here are some things that you can count on — and some points to watch out for: Make Allowances for the Different Levels of Your Class False beginners will all have had some English training at some point in the past and this can cause some special problems. Some learners will really know more than they admit and, with the passing of time, might become bored with some of the basics.Different levels can quickly create tensions between learners, as those who know more can become impatient with others who require more time.Some learners might be false beginners because of inherent learning problems. Some Solutions Give more  advanced learners  more difficult tasks.  - For example, when asking questions of students ask the more advanced learners questions beginning with Why which will require a more advanced response.Give more advanced learners extra work in class and at home.  - By having a few extra tasks at hand you can bridge the gap that is often created when those who are faster finish earlier.If more advanced false beginners become impatient dont hesitate to ask them something that is over their head.  - This might be a little harsh, but will work wonders!Remember that things will eventually even out after the first few weeks.  - Usually, false beginners are there because they really do need to review from the very beginning. This implies that sooner or later all of the learners will be learning something that is truly new for them and problems with impatience will quickly disappear.If a learner is a false beginner because of learning problems, you will need to consider diffe rent learning styles  - People learn in different ways. If grammar explanations, etc. are not helping a particular learner, you can help that learner with visual, audio and other methods appropriate for different learning styles. For more information on different learning styles take a look at this feature. Some Helpful Assumptions About Your Students Your students will have  basic  familiarity with linguistic concepts.  - False beginners have all studied English at school and will  therefore  find things like conjugation charts and timelines useful.Standard themes will probably be familiar.  - Most false beginners are comfortable with basic conversations such as: ordering food in a restaurant, introducing themselves, talking about their immediate family, etc. This will give you a good starting point on which to build when beginning your course and getting to know your students. Absolute Beginner Exercises - 20 Point Program These exercises are meant to be taught in order to progressively build skills that  ESL students  will need to communicate the basic necessities of everyday life in an English speaking environment.

Comparison Between Plato And Plato - 732 Words

The analogy of the divided line that Plato proposed dealt with two sections divided into two more sections. The bottom part of the line can be labeled as what is not, here contains what is of the imagination or copies of the sensible and or images. Moving up the divided line, we then reach the top of the bottom sections, which contains the belief or the sensible. Entering the first part of the top section, what is thought or the scientific forms are encountered. Following that section at the top is knowledge or the form; the top of the line is labeled as what is. Now once someone understands the two extremes of what is and what is not in relation to Plato and his divided line, then it becomes clear why he only allows only specific pieces of art. When it comes to poetry and actual paintings then Plato becomes very unsettle because of the imitations that they posses whether it be a painting of tree or poem that is very relatable. When a painter creates a painting, he or she first use s the imagination to visually create a tree in the mind. Once then when the painting in the mind is actually drawn, it essentially holds no value for it is not the actual tree. A painter can artistically manipulate how a tree actually looks but it still would not be considered good enough art for his Republic. Then someone can get into the genetic and biological make up of the tree in an artistic way, which then will bring it closer to being exhibited in the republic. Now when the tree isShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Plato And Plato1101 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the state of nature, equality, and the state of war. They distinguish how the people and government help create a well-oiled society. Comparing Plato to Rousseau, the beginning of philosophy to a more modern perspective. 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That characteristic is that humans strive to achieve a level of goodness. Although they agree with each other that there is a highest good one must achieve in order to live a fulfilling life, they have different ideas on what that good is. On Aristotle’s search to find the highest good of a human being, he firstRead MoreAnalysis Of The Republic By Plato1111 Words   |  5 Pagesentering into the territory of the second metaphor enumerated by Plato in The Republic. The Image of the Line, once more is intended to give sustenance to the analyzation of goodness and is a direct relation to The Simile of the Sun. In this metaphor, Socrates describes a line which is to be unequally divided into four segments. The segments labeled A and B are to apportion for likenesses, or the visible realm. 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A Business s Only Responsibility - 1013 Words

Appendix 1 B. Argumentation and Academic Essay Writing (CSR Essay) appendix: A business’s only responsibility is to produce profit. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Businesses should take social responsibility in addition to producing profits. Corporate social responsibility refers to a business practices that involves participating and make benefits to society. CSR is a way of companies benefiting themselves so; business should also take social responsibility instead of only taking profit. This is because taking on social responsibility benefits both the society and the companies themselves. CSR refers to a business practice that contributes to the economic development while improving the quality of life of not only the†¦show more content†¦As customers have the choice to choose where to consume, taking social responsibility in the business helps the business to gain confidence and faith from customers because it creates a nice and strong image. Hence, more business opportunities will be manufactured when the business takes social responsibility. Relationship with the customers, suppliers, employees and networks from cooperates may develop and be enhanced. Apart from these, the business will be more profitable. Because if the businesses are socially responsible, it allows the business to attract customers, which means the business will able to earn more. Business taking social responsibility can help the environment. Mainly large corporates can strongly influence the society, they can impact the world by taking social responsibility and guide customers and educate them such as donations. They can inspire other business. It is important for a business to have a good reputation. Taking social responsibility can reduce potential risk reputation suddenly being damaged so it increases the sustainability of the business. This is a worthwhile and easy way to build up a good reputation of the business. It helps for the company to kn ow its supply chain to help them in targeting customers more conveniently. This can also produce a certain and constant amount of customers to guarantee the income of theShow MoreRelatedDo You Agree with Milton Friedman’s (1970) Claim That: â€Å"the Only Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits†?2888 Words   |  12 PagesDo you agree with Milton Friedman’s (1970) claim that: â€Å"the only responsibility of business is to increase its profits†? Today we live in a world were companies are major actors and influence society on many levels. This is why ethics were brought into the business world. 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The Threat Of The War Against Terrorism - 1002 Words

As the world evolves new threats appear and some stand by what they believe in. These beliefs cause harm to other people. An example this would be, big military forces trying to prove a point by killing innocent civilian lives. This is where the Counter Terrorism forces comes into play. Such as the United States Seal team six, United kingdom S.A.S and Kopassus - Gultor 81. They seek out those who do wrong and bring them to justice. The only problem is that they need to have a stronger force to be able to do their job more effectively and perform well in urban areas. By having a larger force, Many countries can work together in helping the innocent lives of people by getting information of these terror acts. Most recently in Brussel†¦show more content†¦This would help to find terrorists and prevent any atrocities from happening and it’ll most definitely lead to the people who planned any attacks. This is why countries should put aside their problems and work together to fight terrorism to many innocent lives are being lost. The biggest problem America faces is terrorism. Polls from December 2-6 2015 show that terrorism was 16% of Americans biggest concerns (Cook). This goes to show that terrorism is a problem not only for the American people but the entire world. Countries can start by improving their homeland security. After the United states was attacked on September 11, they did major adjustments to Homeland Security, such as improving screening for passenger bags at airports. Advanced passenger information and name record data to be able to find high value targets if they ever try board on any plane. Many things the United States have improved on the European countries should improve on too, especially with many terrorists making fake passports and using those to pass any airport. Also with German Chancellor Angela Merkel allowing refugees to come to Europe, it should be a necessity to have strict policies on passports. With Germany being th e dominant country bringing refugees, mostly from Syria. That is why most countries who accept refugees should enforce their passports policy and give the refugees special identification, this should increase the security and address any issues countries

The Indigo Spell Chapter Seventeen Free Essays

ALTHOUGH OUR MAGICAL PLANS had been derailed, Ms. Terwilliger had asked me to come by her room before classes started in the morning so that we could talk strategy and future assignments. I had just enough time to swing by the cafeteria for breakfast and found Jill, Eddie, and Angeline sitting together. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Spell Chapter Seventeen or any similar topic only for you Order Now It felt like it had been a long time since we’d all been together in some kind of normal setting, and I welcomed this small moment of bonding. It was a refuge in the storm that had been my life recently. Jill was grinning about something that Eddie didn’t seem to find so funny. â€Å"He didn’t say anything about it to me,† he said. â€Å"Of course not.† Jill laughed. â€Å"He’s too embarrassed.† I sat down with my tray. â€Å"Who’s too embarrassed?† I assumed any â€Å"he† they were talking about must be Adrian, though it was hard to imagine Adrian embarrassed about anything. â€Å"Micah,† said Jill. â€Å"I talked him into modeling for our sewing club again. And then he got Juan and Travis to do it too. â€Å" â€Å"How’d you manage that?† I asked. Jill had originally gotten involved with Lia through the school’s sewing club. Back when Jill and Micah had dated, she’d convinced him to model some very badly made clothes. He’d done it out of adoration, though I wasn’t sure he’d really enjoyed it. Jill leaned forward, an excited sparkle in her eyes. â€Å"Claire guilted him into it! It was hilarious. But I don’t know how he talked Juan and Travis into it. Maybe they owed him a favor.† â€Å"Maybe they have ulterior motives,† said Eddie. His tone surprised me until I remembered his lesson about the latest social developments around here. What was it? Claire was Micah’s new girlfriend. Juan and Travis were his friends, who liked Jill. Eddie didn’t like that they liked her. Got it. Apparently, Eddie hadn’t kept his opinions to himself because Jill rolled her eyes. â€Å"Will you stop worrying about that?† she asked. She was still smiling but sounded just a little annoyed. â€Å"They’re good guys. And I’m not going to do anything stupid. You don’t have to lecture me about humans and Moroi. I get it.† Her jade eyes flicked over to me, and her smile faltered a little. She studied me for several long, troubled moments, and I wondered what she was thinking about. Was she still hoping for some romantic resolution between Adrian and me? Was she wondering why Adrian and I kept getting into intimate situations? I kind of wanted to know that too. She finally dragged her gaze away, letting her happy mood return. â€Å"I’m just looking out for you,† Eddie said obstinately. â€Å"You look out for assassins. I can handle these guys. I’m not a child, and besides, these are the most male models we’ve ever had. It’s great. If we could score a couple more, our club could do a whole project on men’s clothing.† Eddie still looked way too serious for this discussion. â€Å"Maybe Eddie would volunteer,† I suggested. â€Å"I bet guardian posture would be great on the catwalk.† He blushed, which even I had to admit was adorable. If Jill had been irritated by his earlier overprotectiveness, it was no longer obvious. From her dreamy expression, you’d think Eddie blushing was the most amazing thing she’d ever witnessed. I think he was too overwhelmed at the thought of strutting down a runway to notice. Angeline had been completely silent so far. I glanced over at her, expecting her to have something funny to say about her boyfriend being encouraged to model. But to my surprise, she wasn’t paying attention to the conversation at all. She had a geometry book open and was furiously trying to draw some circles freehand. It killed me to watch, but after Kristin’s comment about Angeline stabbing someone with a compass, freehand might be best. â€Å"What do you think, Angeline?† I asked, just to see how engrossed she was. â€Å"Do you think Eddie would make a good model?† â€Å"Hmm?† She didn’t look up. â€Å"Oh, yeah. You should let Jill try some clothes on you.† Now Jill blushed. Eddie’s deepened. Just when I thought this meal couldn’t get any more surreal, Trey stopped by. He nudged Angeline’s chair with his toe. â€Å"Hey, McCormick.† He nodded toward her graph paper. â€Å"Time to check out your curves.† Rather than answering with some biting response, she looked up instantly, a big smile on her face. â€Å"I’ve been working on them all morning,† she said. â€Å"I think they’re pretty good.† â€Å"They look good from where I’m standing,† said Trey. They were actually the worst circles I’d ever seen, but I guessed Trey wanted to encourage her. I was amazed at how seriously she was treating this math grade. It seemed to me that she was putting it above everything else, even her personal life. She gathered up all her things so that she and Trey could go to the library. Eddie looked disappointed but couldn’t protest, lest it give away the truth about Angeline and him. Trey knew we weren’t all actually related, but Eddie and Angeline’s relationship was still kept secret. I realized then that it was almost time to meet Ms. Terwilliger. I hurriedly finished a banana and told Eddie and Jill I’d see them later. Whether they would talk about male modeling or Jill’s dating life, I couldn’t guess. I showed up right on the dot for my meeting but found Ms. Terwilliger’s room locked and dark. Even in crisis mode, I supposed she was entitled to run a little late now and then, so I settled down on the hallway floor and read ahead for my English class. I grew so absorbed that I didn’t realize how much time had passed until I heard the warning bell ring and realized students were starting to fill the halls. I glanced up just as the same harried substitute teacher from before came scurrying up to the door with a set of keys. I scrambled to my feet. â€Å"Ms. Terwilliger’s out today?† I asked. â€Å"Is she okay?† â€Å"They don’t tell me the reasons,† the sub said brusquely. â€Å"They just ask me to be here. I hope she left an assignment this time.† Knowing Ms. Terwilliger, I had a feeling it was going to be another â€Å"homework† day. I shuffled into the classroom after the sub, feeling a knot of anxiety in my stomach. The next hour was agonizing. I barely heard as the sub told us to work on homework. Instead, I kept sneaking glances at my cell phone, hoping a text would come from Ms. Terwilliger. No such luck. I went from class to class but was too distracted to give anything my full attention. I even shocked myself in English when I nearly mixed up Henry IV with Henry VI while answering an essay question. Thankfully, I caught myself before committing that embarrassing mistake to paper. When I returned to Ms. Terwilliger’s classroom for my independent study at the day’s end, I was expecting the sub to tell me I could leave early again. Instead, I found Ms. Terwilliger herself, rifling through papers on her desk. â€Å"You’re back!† I exclaimed. â€Å"I thought something had happened to you.† â€Å"Not me,† she said. Her face was pale and drawn. â€Å"But someone else wasn’t so lucky.† â€Å"No. Not again.† I sank into a chair, and all the fears I’d been carrying around today came crashing down on me. â€Å"I’d hoped we’d protected those girls.† Ms. Terwilliger sat down opposite me. â€Å"It wasn’t one of them. Last night, Veronica targeted one of my coven members. Alana.† It took me several moments to truly process that. â€Å"Your coven . . . you mean, like a full-fledged witch?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Someone like you?† Her face gave me the answer before she spoke. â€Å"Yes.† I was reeling. â€Å"But you said she only went after young girls.† â€Å"Normally she does. That way she can capture youth and beauty along with power.† Ms. Terwilliger didn’t look like she had to worry about someone stealing her youth anytime soon. Fatigue and stress were taking their toll on her, making her look older than she was. â€Å"Now, some magic users who perform this spell are only concerned about power, not getting younger. That’s never been Veronica’s style, though. She’s vain. She always wanted the superficial benefits – not to mention easier victims. Someone like my coven sister would be more difficult to take, so this is surprising behavior.† â€Å"It means you could be a target,† I said. â€Å"You’ve been saying all this time that you’re safe, but now everything’s different.† Ms. Terwilliger shook her head, and a bit of steely resolve flashed in her eyes. â€Å"No. Maybe she did this to throw me off, to make me think it’s someone else behind the spells. Or maybe to make me think she’s not interested in you. Whatever the reason, she won’t target me.† I admired Ms. Terwilliger for thinking so well of her sister, but I couldn’t share her confidence that sisterly affection would overcome an evil quest for youth and power. â€Å"No offense, ma’am, but isn’t there a slight chance you could be wrong about her coming for you? You said she’d only go after young novices, but obviously, that’s not the case. She’s already doing things you didn’t expect.† Ms. Terwilliger refused to back down. â€Å"Veronica may do any number of terrible things, but she won’t face me unless she’s absolutely forced to.† She handed over a new spell book and a small drawstring bag. â€Å"Just because she went after an older witch, it doesn’t mean you’re out of danger. I’ve marked some pages I want you to go over. There’s a spell there I think will prove particularly useful. I’ve gathered some components for you, and you should be able to cast the rest yourself – just make sure you do it somewhere remote. Meanwhile, I still need to make you that secondary charm. There’s just so much to do lately.† A mix of emotions swirled within me. Once again, I was amazed that Ms. Terwilliger would go to such lengths for me. Yet I couldn’t shake my fear for her. â€Å"Maybe you should make one for yourself, just in case.† She gave me a wan smile. â€Å"Still pushing that, hmm? Well, once I’ve secured yours, I’ll see about another. It may take a while, however. What I have in mind for you is particularly complex.† That made me feel even worse. She always looked so worn out lately, and all these things she was doing for me were only intensifying the situation. But no matter how many arguments I made, she refused to listen. I left her classroom feeling upset and confused. I needed to vent to someone. Obviously, my choices were limited in this matter. I texted Adrian: V attacked a real witch last night. Ms. T won’t protect herself. She’s only worried about me. As usual, I received a quick response: Wanna talk about it? Did I? I wasn’t the type to sit and analyze my feelings, but I did actually want company. I knew I shouldn’t spend more time around Adrian than I had to when my feelings for him were already so mixed. But he was the only person I wanted to talk to. I have to cast some spells for her now. Want to pick me up and come along? My answer was a smiley face. She’d told me to go somewhere remote, so I picked Lone Rock Park again. When Adrian and I arrived, it was smoldering in the late-afternoon heat, and I found it hard to believe Christmas was only a couple weeks away. I’d dressed in layers, just like before, and took off my Amberwood hoodie as Adrian and I trekked across the rocky terrain. He took off a coat as well, and I had to do a double take when I saw what he was wearing underneath. â€Å"Really?† I asked. â€Å"Your AYE shirt?† He shot me a grin. â€Å"Hey, it’s a perfectly good shirt. I think I’m going to see if I can start a chapter on Carlton’s campus.† Carlton was the college he took art classes at. It was pretty small and didn’t even have fraternities or sororities. â€Å"A chapter?† I scoffed. â€Å"Don’t you mean the only chapter?† â€Å"Gotta start somewhere, Sage.† We reached the same spot where I’d practiced with Ms. Terwilliger, and I tried to ignore the scorch marks on the ground. Adrian had decided to turn this into a desert picnic and had brought along a basket containing a blanket and a thermos of lemonade. â€Å"I figured we could stop at Pies and Stuff on the way back since I know how much you like that place,† he explained, deadpan, as he poured me a cup. â€Å"Hopefully this’ll tide you over after the spell.† â€Å"I wish this was over,† I said, running my hand over the weathered leather of Ms. Terwilliger’s latest book. It was an old handwritten one called Summonings and Conjurations. â€Å"I hate living with the uncertainty, worrying that Veronica’s lurking behind every corner. My life’s already complicated enough without witches coming after me.† Adrian, face serious, stretched out on the blanket and propped his head up with his elbow. â€Å"If she’s even coming after you.† I sat down cross-legged, careful to keep a lot more distance than in the Velvet Suite. â€Å"Ms. Terwilliger won’t listen to me. She just keeps stressing over me.† â€Å"Let her,† he suggested. â€Å"I mean, I totally get why you’re worried about her. I am too. But we have to accept that she knows what she’s talking about. She’s been involved with this stuff a lot longer than we have.† I couldn’t help but smile at that. â€Å"Since when are you involved with magic?† â€Å"Since I started looking after you and being all manly and brave.† â€Å"Funny, I don’t remember it that way.† I worked to keep a straight face. â€Å"If you think about all the rides I gave you, me getting you into college . . . well, it kind of seems like I’m looking after you.† He leaned toward me. â€Å"I guess we look after each other.† We locked eyes and smiled, but there was nothing sensuous about it. There was no trick here, no sly move on Adrian’s part to advance on me. And there was no fear on my part. We were just two people who cared about each other. It reminded me of what had initially drawn us together – before all the romantic complications. We connected. Against all reason, we understood each other, and – as he said – we looked out for each other. I’d never had a relationship quite like that with anyone and was surprised at how much I valued it. â€Å"Well, then, I guess I’d better get to work.† I glanced back down at the book. â€Å"I haven’t had a chance to look at what she wants me to do. It doesn’t sound like a defensive book.† â€Å"Maybe you’re graduating from fireballs to lightning bolts,† Adrian suggested. â€Å"I bet it’d be a lot like throwing ninja stars. Except, well, you could incinerate people.† When I found the page Ms. Terwilliger had marked, I read the title aloud: â€Å"Callistana Summoning.† â€Å"What’s callistana mean?† asked Adrian. I scrutinized the word, making sure I was deciphering the elaborate script correctly. â€Å"I don’t know. It’s kind of like the Greek word for ‘beautiful,’ but not quite. The spell’s subtitle is ‘For protection and advanced warning.'† â€Å"Maybe it’s some kind of shield, like the one Jackie had,† suggested Adrian. â€Å"An easier one.† â€Å"Maybe,† I agreed. I wouldn’t mind a little bit of invulnerability. I opened up the bag Ms. Terwilliger had given me. Inside, I found dragon’s blood resin, a small bottle of gardenia oil, branches of juniper berries, and a glittering smoky quartz crystal, rutilated with lines of gold. Although she’d provided the ingredients, the spell’s directions required that I use and measure them in a very specific way, which made sense. As usual, it was the caster’s work that powered the magic. Adrian sat up and read over my shoulder. â€Å"It doesn’t really say what happens when you cast it,† he pointed out. â€Å"Yeah . . . I’m not really excited about that part.† Presumably, the caster was supposed to just know what she was doing. If this was some kind of protective shield, then maybe the shield would materialize around me, just as it had for Ms. Terwilliger. â€Å"Well, no point in wasting time. We’ll find out soon enough.† Adrian chuckled as he watched me walk over to a clear piece of land. â€Å"Am I the only one amazed that you now perform magic blindly?† â€Å"No,† I assured him. â€Å"You’re not the only one.† I had to pluck the juniper berries off one by one and make a small ring with them, saying, â€Å"Fire and smoke,† each time I placed one on the ground. When I finished, I anointed each berry with a drop of the oil and recited, â€Å"Breath and life.† Inside the circle, I lit a small pile of the resin and rested the smoky quartz on top of it. Then I stepped back and reread the spell, committing the words and gestures to memory. Once I was satisfied I knew it, I handed it to Adrian and shot him a hopeful look. â€Å"Wish me luck,† I said. â€Å"You make your own luck,† he replied. I tried not to roll my eyes and turned toward the circle. I recited the spell’s complex Greek incantation, pointing in the four cardinal directions as I spoke, per the book’s instructions. It was startling how quickly the magic welled up within me, filling me with that blissful power. I spoke the last words, pointing at the juniper circle as I did. I felt the magic pour from me and into the quartz. Then I waited for something to happen. Nothing did. I looked back at Adrian, hoping he noticed something I hadn’t. He shrugged. â€Å"Maybe you did it wrong.† â€Å"It worked,† I insisted. â€Å"I felt the magic.† â€Å"Maybe you just can’t see it. At the expense of getting myself in trouble here, you should know how amazing you look when you do that stuff. All graceful and – † His eyes went wide. â€Å"Um, Sydney? That rock is smoking.† I glanced back at the circle. â€Å"That’s just the resin that’s – â€Å" I stopped. He was right. Smoke was coming out of the quartz. I watched, fascinated, and then slowly, the quartz began to melt. Rather than dissipate into a puddle, though, the liquid began to re-form into a different shape, one that soon hardened into something new and unexpected: a crystalline dragon. It was small, able to fit in a palm, and glittered just like the dark brown quartz had. The dragon looked more like the serpentine kind usually associated with Chinese culture rather than the winged types of European myth. Every detail was meticulously carved, from the tendrils of its mane to the scales on its hide. It was stunning. Also, it was moving. I screamed and backed up, running into Adrian. He put an arm around me and held me as protectively as he could, though it was clear he was just as freaked out. The dragon opened its crystal eyelids and peered at the two of us with tiny golden eyes. It elicited a small croak and then began walking toward us, its small claws scraping against the rocks. â€Å"What the hell is that?† Adrian demanded. â€Å"Do you really think I know?† â€Å"You made it! Do something.† I started to ask what had happened to him looking out for me, but he had a point. I was the one who’d summoned this thing. No matter where we moved or backed up to, the dragon continued to follow and make a small, high-pitched screeching noise that sounded like nails on a chalkboard. I groped for my cell phone and tried to dial Ms. Terwilliger, but there was no reception out here. Darting over to the blanket, I grabbed the spell book and then hurried back to Adrian’s side. I flipped to the index, looking up callistana. There I found two entries: Callistana – Summoning and Callistana – Banishing. You would’ve thought the two would be near each other in the book, but they were pages apart. I flipped to the latter and found the instructions brief and to the point: Once your callistana has been fed and rested, you may summon and banish it at will for a year and a day. A short incantation followed. I looked up at Adrian. â€Å"It says we have to feed it.† â€Å"Will that make it shut up?† he asked. His arm was around me again. â€Å"I honestly don’t know.† â€Å"Maybe we can outrun it.† All my instincts about hiding the supernatural world kicked in. â€Å"We can’t just leave it for some hiker to find! We have to get it some food.† Not that I had any clue what to feed it. Hopefully humans and vampires weren’t on the menu. A look of determination crossed Adrian’s features. In a great show of bravery he lunged for the picnic basket and actually managed to scoop the dragon up in it. He slammed down the lid, and the mewling faded but didn’t stop. â€Å"Wow,† I said. â€Å"Manly and brave.† Adrian regarded the basket with dismay. â€Å"I just hope that thing doesn’t breathe fire. At least it’s contained. Now what do we do?† â€Å"Now we feed it.† I made a decision. â€Å"We take it to Pies and Stuff.† I didn’t know if dragons ate pie, but that was the closest food source we had. Besides, I was pretty sure I’d be able to get a cell phone signal there. So, Adrian drove us back to the little diner while I gingerly held the noisy basket. He went inside, and I stayed in the car and tried to call Ms. Terwilliger. I was sent to voice mail and didn’t even bother with formalities. Was she never near her phone anymore? â€Å"Call me now,† I said through gritted teeth. The dragon’s screeching was really starting to get to me. Adrian returned in about ten minutes carrying two bags. I stared in amazement as he got in the car. â€Å"Did you buy out the store?† â€Å"I didn’t know what kind it wanted,† he protested. Between the two bags, we had half a dozen slices of different kinds of pies. Each one’s container was neatly labeled. â€Å"I really don’t know either,† I said. Adrian sifted through the bags and pulled out a slice of coconut cream. â€Å"If I were a dragon, this is what I’d go for.† I didn’t argue, mainly because that statement had no logical argument. He took the lid off the pie and then looked at me expectantly. With a gulp, I opened the basket’s lid and prayed the dragon wouldn’t climb out and claw my face off. Adrian quickly set the pie down in the basket. Nervously, we both leaned forward to watch. At first, the dragon looked as though it really would climb out after us. Then it noticed the pie. The little crystal creature sniffed at the slice, circled it a few times, and then began gnawing at the pie in teeny-tiny bites. Best of all, the screeching stopped. We watched in wonder as the dragon made its way through a third of the coconut cream pie. Then, without warning, it rolled over onto its back and began to snore. Adrian and I sat there, frozen, and then finally dared to look at each other. â€Å"I guess you were right about the flavor,† I said. â€Å"Do you think you can banish it now?† he asked. â€Å"Is it fed and rested enough?† I retrieved the spell book to double-check the incantation. â€Å"Time to find out.† I recited the words. Smoke fluttered from the dragon’s body. He began to shimmer, and within moments, we were looking at an inert piece of smoky quartz. In another valiant display, Adrian picked it up but held it as far away as possible as he studied it. The ringing of my phone startled both of us, and he dropped the crystal back into the basket. I looked at the phone’s screen and saw Ms. Terwilliger’s name. â€Å"You made me summon a dragon!† I exclaimed. â€Å"I most certainly did not,† she responded. â€Å"Callistanas are a type of demon.† I froze. â€Å"A demon.† â€Å"Well,† she amended. â€Å"A very minor and generally benign kind.† I didn’t reply for a while. â€Å"Sydney? Are you still there?† â€Å"You had me summon a demon,† I replied, voice stiff. â€Å"You know how I feel about evil and the supernatural. You’ve spent all this time trying to convince me that the magic we do is all for some greater good in the battle against evil, and yet you made me summon a creature of hell.† â€Å"Creature of hell?† She snorted. â€Å"Hardly. You know nothing about demons. I told you it’s benign, didn’t I? Callistanas can be very useful. They’ll warn you if dark magic is nearby and will even try to defend you if you’re attacked – not that they can do much damage.† I wasn’t buying it. â€Å"If they’re so useful, then why don’t you have one?† â€Å"Oh, well, I’m at a level where I can sense dark magic on my own. That, and – if you’ll forgive my language – callistanas are a real pain in the ass. They make the most irritating noise when they’re hungry. Cats are more than adequate for my needs.† â€Å"Yeah,† I said. â€Å"I kind of noticed the noise part. I fed it some pie and turned it back into a rock.† â€Å"There, you see?† She sounded happier than I’d heard her in days. â€Å"Look at the progress you’ve made already. No matter what comes of this mess we’ve found ourselves in, I’m more convinced than ever that I made the right choice in guiding you on the magical path.† I had too much going on to really appreciate the compliment. â€Å"So what do I do now?† â€Å"It’ll disappear on its own after a year and a day. Until then, you can call it when you need it. You can try to train it. And of course, you’ll have to feed it. Whatever you choose to do, it will be loyal to you. It bonds with the first person it sees and will need to spend time with you . . . Sydney? Are you there?† I’d gone silent again. â€Å"The first person it sees?† I finally managed to ask. â€Å"Not the caster?† â€Å"Well, usually they’re one and the same.† I glanced over at Adrian, who was eating a piece of blackberry pie while listening avidly to my side of the conversation. â€Å"What happens if there were two people there when it opened its eyes? Adrian was with me when I summoned it.† Now she paused. â€Å"Oh? Hmm, well, I probably should’ve said something before you cast the spell.† That had to be the understatement of the century. â€Å"You should’ve told me a lot of things before I cast it! What does it mean that the dragon – demon, whatever – saw both of us? Did it bond with both of us?† â€Å"Look at it this way,† Ms. Terwilliger said, after several moments of thought. â€Å"The callistana thinks of you two as its parents.† How to cite The Indigo Spell Chapter Seventeen, Essay examples

Sexuality inThe Tempest Essay Example For Students

Sexuality inThe Tempest Essay Shakespeare brings up sexuality quite often through the play. Since the play is male-dominated, it seems that very time a female is brought into the plot, sexuality is discussed. The first time this theme is mentioned is when Caliban attemps to rape Prosperos daughter, Miranda. Caliban was son of the witch, Sycorax, who formerly ruled the island. Prospero and Miranda used to treat Caliban nicely, but they were rude to him ever since the attempted rape. This is an example of aggressive sexuality. Also, when he agrees with Miranda and Ferdinands marriage he seems to almost threaten Ferdinand. He basically tells him that they hav his blessing unless they have premarital sex in which case he wishes them bad. As stated, sexuality is a strong concept which Shakespeare continuously brings up in The Tempest.Bibliography: